Integrate externalities in the accounting - ADVANCED

Cost
Cost
Cost
EFFORT
EFFORT
EFFORT
IMPACT
IMPACT
IMPACT

To enable a targeted action plan, the externalities, that have been previously valued (see Environmental and Social Impact Identification), should be analytically accounted for in the accounts.

Incorporating the externalities derived from valuation tools such as the internal carbon price or the living wage into the accounts allows the real cost of an activity, process or product to the company and its environment to be reflected in the company's reports, and progress on these externalities to be measured and disclosed over time.

This is an essential step in the decision-making process to avoid making decisions based only on apparent costs, which can encourage the depletion of natural resources or the exploitation of resource-poor countries. It should lead to more sustainable business practices.

The following cost allocation methods are examples of how externalities can be incorporated into accounting:

Activity Based Costing (ABC) - based on the activities that generate the costs, ABC allocates internal expenses to cost centres and cost drivers. For example, for the carbon emissions, ABC identifies potential activities that will generate carbon emissions and calculates their emissions data.

Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) - is mainly used for manufacturing processes and focuses on identifying which processes can improve the use of raw materials, energy, water and waste. ISO 14051 outlines the requirements for an MFCA analysis, which is a useful tool for companies seeking a circular business model.

The suitability of the tool depends on the type of business (products or services) and the area of impact (energy, water, waste) you are dealing with.

38% decline in EPS (earnings per share)

for Danone in 2019 when using carbon-adjusted performance measures
(BwB)

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

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